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Introducing Breaking Point, by Etan Ilfeld and Eric Ayotte.

Etan Ilfeld was a 2009 NKS Summer School participant, and has brought NKS ideas to his newest exhibition at his gallery, Tenderpixel.

The exhibition will be running from October 8 – November 15.

A description from the exhibition’s home page:

Tenderpixel is pleased to present Eric Ayotte and Etan Ilfeld’s first collaboration, Breaking Point, which explores the meta and microcosmic synthesis of computer-creativity, mathematics, optics, art history and painting. Breaking Point relates to riots, tear gas and general societal conflicts within a landscape: At any given point in society when equality or injustice reaches a certain point there is a universal language or action that occurs. This exhibit references many of the global protests that have been documented within the contemporary mediascape.

Breaking Point explores imagery surrounding the concept of a breakthrough in society as well as the moment at which a painting is broken apart and what that signifies when thinking about ‘process painting’. Ilfeld and Ayotte’s creative process incorporates Stephen Wolfram’s New Kind of Science methodology by testing aesthetic-algorithms, and processing and juxtaposing media images unto 2-D Cellular Automatons in Mathematica.

Their production more closely resembles the futurist paintings of David Bomberg or Giacomo Balla than the process painting and conceptual framework from which they are derived. As a result, their work is ‘neo-futurist’: The machine becomes an integral element of the creative process itself, and generates the emergence of artistic modes that would have been impossible prior to computer technology.

The hours of the gallery are Tuesday – Saturday, 1pm – 7pm. They are located in London, UK.

John Baez, mathematical physicist at The University of California at Riverside, recently cut an album generated by WolframTones.

Treq Lila

There’s quite a bit of stylistic diversity in the selections. While the title song “Treq Lila” is deep and jazzy, with a definite beat, other songs like “Swirl” are more ethereal, giving you the sense of phrasing without having any definite phrases. “Ay-Layla” is very experimental, with a contrained bassline being ridden by lighter, almost helicopter – like strings.

Check out John Baez’s album, and let us know what you think!

Group picture of speakers and participants, 2008 Midwest NKS Conference

Group picture of speakers and participants, 2008 Midwest NKS Conference

Saturday was all talks by invited speakers. I found Gregory Chaitin’s talk the most energizing. I took copious notes for my personal satisfaction. Though I would like to concentrate on experimental computer science — like modeling — in my future research, I would like to learn some theory of computation purely for my own enjoyment.

I was fortunate to have a few more in-depth interactions with participants. Frank Bitonti and I talked about a live sculpture — a tree whose “leaves” are LEDs, whose colors are determined by the outer median cellular automaton rules on graphs. When the user touches one of the “leaves,” it changes the current color of the node and spreads the difference throughout the tree. The evolution would continue forever, unless the user wants to either turn off the tree, or change the rule number using a physical slider on the base of the sculpture. Of course, this could be a sculpture, furniture, or a simple design piece. I thought it would be very interesting from an experimental perspective, to have the ability to watch the evolution of particular rules real-time, and interact with the evolution. I think the interaction, moreso than the static evolution, would yield the most interesting results.

Frank and I also discussed Mathematica-driven robots. Turns out there are these neat programmable devices called Sun SPOTs, which are controlled wirelessly, and programmed with Java. Since Mathematica can talk to Java programs using JLink, I thought this could be one way of programming robots using Mathematica.

I also enjoyed the talks by David Deutsch, Ed Fredkin,  and Stephen Wolfram. I’m much too young in my computer science career to have an opinion on anything that was said…or even approach describing the technical details of the claims made by the speakers. I’ll say this, however: Deutsch put forth a rather strong statement that the universe can be described using quantum information theory, Fredkin thought a traditional cellular automaton model would be sufficient, and Wolfram veered more in the direction of evolving tri-networks.

Sunday featured the roundtable debate/discussion between the physically present invited speakers. It was extremely entertaining. I enjoyed Chaitin’s boldness, and found Leggett’s conservativeness telling of a fundamentally OKS way of thinking. Stephen and Toffoli has some good exchanges, with Stephen having some of the clearest (and least “magical”) responses, and Fredkin was also very entertaining. I can’t wait to rewatch the video, once it is up on the website. It was a lot of information to absorb and process all at once. I agree with Jason Cawley that this final discussion was about 75% philosophy, which of course speaks to the necessity of adopting a particular worldview, and being able to argue its reason, when making claims about the nature of science.

Forgive the delay, I’ve been a bit swamped since my return from the conference. Here are my notes and observations on the first-session talks on the first day of the conference, Friday October 31:

FRANCIS BITONTI – “Unnatural Selection”

Frank works as an instructor at the Pratt Institute, and is a firm believer in using NKS and “searching the space of all possible solutions” in order to aid unique design. He was recently a finalist in the NYC “City Racks” competition, and his bike racks were all designed using NKS methods of search, though his design didn’t initially start out that way. The rotation space for the rack design was a four-color CA system. He believes that “bucking the linear evolution model means NKS is a better tool for designers and architects.”

An example of his searching methods – searching Google images for the results of the word “soft” to see what other people associate with that word, even if it isn’t something one would find in a dictionary definition. He is also working on a window design project, searching through the ECAs to find a unique pattern that is 50% black and 50% white cells. Says his clients are excited by his methods.

Frank says that he’s committed to NKS methods in architecture and design, and is doing his best to spread the word about NKS. He claims his clients are consistently excited about this “new kind” of architecture.

MICHAEL ROUND – “The Proximate Event”

Round was concerned, primarily, with the accessibility of NKS to high school students. By labeling himself a nonspecialist, he proceeded to try to figure out NKS on his “own terms,” which led to the creation of a small book/pamphlet about ECAs and nature. He’s a regular attendee of NKS conferences and Mathematica conferences.

The main issue I had with Round’s approach was his resistance to using Mathematica (and this is not because I work for Wolfram)- he generated all his ECA evolutions in Excel. He claimed that “everyone has [Excel],” and therefore it would be more accessible to the average public high school student. However, he did concede that student would have to know well several sophisticated functions in Excel before the student could duplicate Round’s techniques.

What I thought Round did the best was talk about simple relationships between visual nature and CA behavior — lightning bolts like some Class 4 gliders, etc.

TARAU – “Everything is everything” revisited: Shapeshifting data types with isomorphisms and hylomorphisms.

Tarau begins with the statement: “We have no excuse not to make a theory of everything in computation – since it’s manmade.” He goes on to talk about heterogenous objects which are isomorphic and hence compressible, the ranking problem of combinatorical objects, and a new measure of complexity – the size of the data structure to which we map.

ALEXANDER LAMB – “A Glider for Every Graph”

Lamb is an independent researcher not affiliated with a business, school, or lab. He has his PhD in Artificial Intelligence.

Lamb claimed he was searching for the fundamental ground between physics and the NKS methodology.

He decided he would begin by looking for rotationally invariant gliders across a graph. He wants to impose the 2D game of life structure on irregular directed graphs instead of looking at a distorted grid. The point is to try to approximate some sort of discrete notion of space, and posit particles as rules that map initial node values (made to be colors so that they are visible) across the graph. The initial goal is to get straight-line motion.

He is ultimately looking for a simple approximation to a physical particle. By defining scoring methods using sets of nodes on a random graph as described above, and then changing those sets based on the highest scoring elements, one can achieve a sort of movement of these sets, that looks like a movement of particles.

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In the evening I had a bit of work to do, but had a very nice dinner with some fellow employees and attendees. Who knew the Dalai Lama’s brother owned a restaurant in Bloomington, IN? It was a Jeopardy question, you should know. ;)

Later on, we were all treated to a fantastic documentary film by George Csicsery — Julia Robinson and Hilbert’s Tenth Problem. Order your copy today, especially if you know or love a woman in (or interested in) math or science!

EDITED – I rushed when I posted this, and it showed. Thanks for the tips!

So the first day of the conference went well. I attended the morning session, though had to miss the afternoon session to run necessary errands and do some things for the company. I’ll summarize a few of the talks to which I went, as well as the great movie about Julia Robinson we watched later on.

I’m going to split these posts into single posts about each talk, since I don’t have much time to write one single long post about everything.

Francis Bitonti – “Unnatural Selection”

Frank gave a talk about using NKS methods in architecture and design. His City Racks project (mentioned elsewhere on this blog) was successful, and he described the selection process. His approach to architecture and design, and in fact the approach he considers to be the new way to design, is to search through the space of all possibilities given a few simple constraints. He also mentioned a window design project, where he searched through the ECAs to find a design that would let in 50% light. He discovered there were many more options using NKS than in OKS (old kind of science) methods of design.

Recently I’ve been researching formal courses, offered by universities, which have included NKS as a text, or as recommended reading. I found (and am still finding) quite a few courses all over the world which reference NKS. Most of the references use Stephen Wolfram’s 2002 book as the primary source of knowledge about constructing, evolving, and thinking about cellular automata. Some others use NKS as a basic book in complexity theory.

The course subjects are widely varied:

  • Computation
  • Artificial Life
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Architecture
  • Design
  • Philosophy
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Linguistics

Many of these courses took place during the 2007-2008 school year, or are currently taking place in the 2008-2009 school year.

I chose to highlight the Fishery Science course, because it really gives one the sense of how broad NKS applications are.

I’m still on the hunt, but I hope to turn up even more interesting courses which use, or are based on, NKS. My favorite so far is here (lots of links and resources).

The NKS Blog Team will be blogging from October 31 – Nov 2, 2008 from the 2008 NKS Midwest at Indiana University. We hope to be covering the main talks (in separate posts), and hopefully some of the early talks (one of which we’re giving!).

The main conference site is here.

If you’re in the area, please take the time to see a few of the talks. Stephen Wolfram, Gregory Chaitin, David Deutsch, and many others are giving talks on Friday, and Saturday. There will be a roundtable discussion on Sunday about the theme of the conference: “What is computation? How does nature compute?”

See you from the conference!

Francis Bitontis City Racks Design entry

Francis Bitonti's City Racks Design entry

Please check out Francis Bitonti’s NKS design for the City Racks projects. Some great photos are in this and the previous post on Frank’s blog:

The City Racks competition was sponsored by the New York City Department of Transportation and the Cooper Hewitt in Manhatten.

Francis Bitonti was a 2008 NKS Summer School participant. Please check out his project description.